Shoulder injuries are fairly common and affect millions of people a year. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body and this mobility allows us to do things like scratch our own backs, throw things, make pushing movements and lift things over our head. […]
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Arthritis Overview Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis, also called AC joint arthrosis, is a degeneration of the joint at the top of the shoulder where the acromion meets the clavicle. Causes This shoulder condition often affects middle-aged people and is generally caused by overuse. Degeneration may occur through occupations such as painting or construction, which require repetitive overhead motions. Injury to the shoulder, along with the previous culprits listed, can lead to the development of AC joint arthritis. Symptoms The symptoms of AC joint arthritis are easily recognizable when a patient experiences pain in the front of the shoulder just over the joint. You may also experience a limited range of motion and [...]
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Separation Repair Overview This corrective surgery repairs a severe separation of the AC joint in your shoulder. In order to proceed with the surgery, the ligaments that connect these bones must be torn with the clavicle shifting out of position. The surgical repair will realign your clavicle in its natural position with the scapula. Preparation Preparation leading up to the procedure will follow the basic guidelines of the typical surgery. The patient will receive anesthesia before small incisions are created to allow the surgeon an entrance point into the body to treat the AC joint. Repair There are several available options for repairing a separated AC joint. One of the more [...]
Anatomy of the Shoulder
Arthroscopic Capsular Plication
Arthroscopic Capsular Release Overview This minimally invasive surgery is performed to relieve frozen shoulder pain and loss of mobility in the shoulder. A radiofrequency probe is inserted into the shoulder and is used to break up the affected tissue surrounding the shoulder joint. This surgery rewards the shoulder with a newfound increase in mobility. Preparation The shoulder area will be cleaned and sterilized as the patient is positioned in an easy accessible arrangement for the surgeon. Local anesthesia is administered to numb the injection site with the use of a sedative to relax the patient throughout the process. General anesthesia may be used upon request or severity of the condition. Accessing the Shoulder Two to three [...]
Arthritis can take many forms, but the most commonly diagnosed is osteoarthritis (OA). (1) Caused by the gradual breakdown of cartilage in almost any joint it can result in arthritis related pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, a feeling of grating in the affected joint, and point tenderness. Worldwide, millions of people are affected by OA; in the US almost 27 million people live with its effects. […]
Bankart Repair Overview If you experience constant pain in the shoulder, you may have a torn labrum. That means you’ve torn the thick band of tissue that surrounds the shoulder socket. Luckily, a torn labrum can be easily fixed with a procedure called a Bankart repair. Preparation To start, patients will be given anesthesia and a numbing agent to relax the muscles and go to sleep during the surgery. This minimally invasive procedure begins with the surgeon making a few small openings in the skin. A special camera called an arthroscope is then inserted into the openings with surgical instruments. For some patients, depending on their condition, surgery may need to be done [...]
Dr. Taizoon H. Baxamusa, FACS, is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a subspecialty certification in hand surgery. He specializes in the treatment of hand conditions, including arthritis, nerve compression, fractures and lacerations. He also treats shoulder and elbow conditions, including diseases of the tendon such as tennis elbow and rotator cuff tears. He provides joint replacement surgery and offers minimally invasive surgery, including small joint arthroscopy. He seeks to make sure his patients understand their condition so they can be part of the treatment process. He is mindful that his job is not finished upon completing a patient’s surgery, but extends through recovery. He chose to specialize in orthopedics because of the satisfaction he receives from returning patients to normal [...]
Dr. David Beigler is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon who specializes in anterior total hip replacement, total knee replacement, hip arthroscopy and the treatment of trauma, particularly severe and atypical injuries. He offers patients advanced techniques, including minimally invasive fracture surgery and patient-specific knee replacement, which minimizes the amount of tissue that must be cut during surgery. Anterior hip replacement also spares tissue, reducing post-operative pain and speeding recovery. In providing care, Dr. Beigler takes the time to understand not only the patient’s medical condition but also the patient as a person. Whatever the condition, he seeks the least invasive form of effective treatment possible. Dr. Beigler is the head of orthopedic trauma for North Shore University HealthSystem. He also is [...]
Biceps Tenodesis
Biceps Tendon Tear (at the Shoulder) Overview Tendons are strong bands of tissue that connect muscle to the bones in your body. In a biceps tendon tear of the shoulder, one of the tendons anchoring your biceps muscle is torn either partially or completely. You may find that you can still use your biceps muscle even if one tendon is completely torn. This is because the biceps is attached with two separate tendons, however when abnormal pain occurs you should contact a doctor immediately. Causes The biceps tendon can tear in a few different scenarios: if you fall and try to catch yourself or lifting something too heavy. A tear can also happen [...]
Biceps Tendonitis Overview Bicep tendonitis is a problem with a tendon in your shoulder. Most often, it’s the “long head of the biceps” tendon that travels from the front of your upper arm to the top of your shoulder socket. The tendon can become painfully inflamed or irritated when this condition worsens. Causes Biceps tendonitis is usually caused by normal wear and tear. It can be a problem for people who perform repetitive shoulder movements such as athletes participating in tennis, baseball or swimming. These activities can damage your shoulder’s tendon and can become red and swollen over time. Symptoms Biceps tendonitis causes varying levels of pain in the front of the shoulder. [...]
Dr. Marc Breslow is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a subspecialty certification in sports medicine. He treats athletes of all ages, from children to the elderly and specializes in treating knee and shoulder problems, although he also treats other injuries caused by sports, hobbies or work. The most common shoulder problems he cares for are rotator cuff tears, fractures, dislocations and separations, and he commonly treats knee injuries involving the anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus, cartilage, and tendons. In most cases, he is able to treat patients with non-surgical methods. When surgery is needed, Dr. Breslow is able to offer most patients minimally invasive/arthroscopic procedures which decrease patient discomfort and speed recovery times. Dr. Breslow stresses communication with his patients and [...]
Burners and Stingers
Calcific Tendonitis of the Shoulder (Degenerative Calcification)
Calcific Tendonitis of the Shoulder (Reactive Calcification)
Dr. Eric Chehab is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, fellowship-trained in sports medicine. He provides general fracture care and specializes in the treatment of sports related injuries, in particular to the knee and shoulder. Dr. Chehab provides advanced treatments for anterior cruciate ligament injuries, shoulder injuries including rotator cuff tears and shoulder instability, and soft tissue and bone trauma. A graduate of Harvard and Stanford, he completed his orthopedic surgery residency at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City - recognized by U.S. News and World Report as the nation’s #1 hospital for orthopedics. He completed his advanced training in sports medicine at the Hospital for Special Surgery Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, where he apprenticed with the head [...]
“It’s gratifying to see someone benefit from our care, to return from injury to the things they enjoy in life.” Dr. Kevin Chen is an orthopedic surgeon specializing in hand, wrist and upper extremity surgery of the shoulder and elbow. He completed his fellowship training at a major trauma center in Milwaukee and offers a full range of care for both common and complex conditions. He treats arthritic and chronic conditions as well as rotator cuff tears, shoulder and elbow instability, tennis and golfers elbow, repetitive motion injuries including carpal tunnel syndrome and sports injuries. Dr. Chen is among a small percentage of surgeons trained in complex elbow replacement surgery, a technique that has improved dramatically in recent years. He [...]
Dr. Chiu is an expert in sports medicine, specializing in advanced, minimally invasive arthroscopic procedures of the knee, hip, shoulder and elbow, using cutting edge techniques in cartilage repair and restoration, complex ligament reconstruction, and joint preservation. He has served as faculty teaching other orthopedic surgeons at national courses, presented at numerous academic meetings, conducted research, authored articles, published in peer reviewed journals, and written book chapters on various topics and advanced surgical techniques. As a sports team physician and in working with elite international and professional athletes, Dr. Chiu has the experience to treat adult and pediatric athletes at all levels and draws on a full armamentarium- from injury prevention and rehabilitation, performance enhancement and orthoBiologic therapy, to arthroscopic [...]
Clavicle Fracture (Broken Collarbone)
By Djuro Petkovic, MD The NFL had some unfortunate news this week when one of the best quarterbacks in the NFL, Aaron Rodgers, broke his collarbone and will undergo surgery. I know this news will not make the Bears’ faithful lose any sleep, but in the end no one wants to see any person, let alone a high caliber athlete, get injured and lose their ability to work. […]
Dr. James C. Cohen is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in the treatment of shoulder, knee and hip conditions, including arthritis, shoulder and knee instability, rotator cuff tears, labral (shoulder joint) tears, meniscal (knee cartilage) tears and ACL (knee ligament) tears. He has extensive experience in joint replacement of the hip and knee and arthroscopy. Drawn to medicine by his fascination with how the body works, Dr. Cohen chose orthopedics as a specialty because it allows him to produce concrete results that significantly improve patients’ lives. In many cases he takes a conservative (non-surgical) approach to make patients better. He is vice chairman of the Department of Surgery and Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery at Weiss Memorial Hospital in Chicago. He is an [...]
Dr. Cummins joined Lake Cook Orthopedics, a Division of Illinois Bone & Joint Institute Associates in August of 2001 and has developed an orthopedic practice with a primary focus on the management of shoulder disorders and sports-related issues. He is currently a team physician for Barrington High School, since 2001, and a team physician for Lake Zurich High School, since 2002. He is board-certified in orthopedic surgery and is one of less than 5% of orthopedic surgeons with an additional board certification in sports medicine. He is a member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery, the American Orthopaedic Society of Sports Medicine, and the Arthroscopy Association of North America. He has served as an instructor for the Arthroscopy Association [...]
I had terrible shoulder pain and could no longer ignore it. X-rays and an MRI revealed advanced osteoarthritis in my shoulder that would require the replacement of the ball and socket of that joint. […]
From the age of 10 I have literally been playing tennis, training and working on my legs to prepare me for a lifetime of professional sports. […]
Distal Clavicle Excision (Resection, Arthroscopic Technique)
Dr. Brian Donahue is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a subspecialty certification in sports medicine who specializes in treating knee, shoulder, and patellofemoral conditions. In most cases, Dr. Donahue is able to successfully treat patients with a program of physical therapy. When needed, Dr. Donahue provides such advanced treatments as arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, meniscus surgery, and kneecap realignment. He also offers platelet-rich plasma injections to stimulate tissue healing and, in select cases, biocartilage injections to enhance cartilage restoration. Dr. Donahue’s approach to care emphasizes listening to his patients carefully in order to understand what they want to achieve with their treatment and to provide individualized care aimed at meeting those goals. He places a priority [...]
Common shoulder pain and injuries are frequently caused by athletic activities involving excessive repetitive overhead motion. They can be the result of constant weightlifting and everyday movement, such as hanging up curtains and scratching your back. Most shoulder injuries involve the muscles, ligaments and tendons, rather than the bones. The following are common problems associated with shoulder pain and injury: Tendon inflammation or tendon tears – This includes bursitis, tendinitis, rotator cuff tears and impingement. Instability – Instability occurs when the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket. This can result from a sudden injury or from overuse. Arthritis – The most common type of arthritis in the shoulder is osteoarthritis. Fracture (broken [...]
Fracture of the Shoulder Socket (Glenoid Fracture)
Fractures of the Greater Tuberosity
Fractures of the Shoulder Blade (Scapula)
Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)
Dr. David Garelick is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in sports medicine. He provides excellent comprehensive care for shoulder and knee conditions. In the shoulder, his expertise includes caring for rotator cuff injuries, labral tears, and degenerative arthritis. For the knee, Dr. Garelick provides a wide spectrum of care ranging from ligament injuries and meniscal tears to total knee replacement. He performs most of his surgeries arthroscopically and with other minimally invasive techniques which accelerate healing and help to diminish pain. Dr. Garelick is active in resident and fellowship education, serving as a faculty member of the University of Illinois Orthopaedic Sports Medicine fellowship as well as the Primary Care Sports Medicine Fellowship through Presence Resurrection Medical Center. He has also [...]
Glenohumeral Debridement
Glenoid Labrum Tear
Dr. Steven Gross is a board-certified, fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon at Lake Cook Orthopedics, a division of IBJI. His primary areas of interest include fracture care, sports medicine, arthroscopic surgery, management of arthritic conditions of the joints, and joint replacement. Dr. Gross pursued his medical education in the Midwest and on the East Coast, attending medical school at the University of Michigan, then completing his residency at the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases in New York, NY. During his residency he was also educated at two of the busiest Level I trauma centers in New York City, obtaining exposure to all aspects of orthopedic care, including operative and non-operative management of a variety of conditions. His training included one- on-one mentoring [...]
A second generation orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Hamming is the son of Dr. Edward Hamming, a retired IBJI physician. Seeing the satisfaction his father took from helping people and the gratitude and respect patients felt for him inspired him Dr. Hamming to follow in his father’s footsteps. Dr. Hamming offers arthroscopy or other minimally invasive procedures, which decrease patient discomfort and speed recovery times. He customizes care to each patient individually to address any unique concerns or issues the patient may have. His goal is to eliminate patients’ pain and restore their function. These activities give him an added appreciation of the importance of healthy joints and help fuel his determination to to improve his patients’ conditions.
HemiCap Resurfacing
Dr. James Hill is a fellowship-trained, board-certified member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. He is committed to the highest quality of care in the treatment of joint disease, sports injuries and trauma to the musculoskeletal system. He is particularly interested in problems involving the shoulder, elbow, hip and knee. Dr. Hill believes in personalized, individual treatment plans for his patients, incorporating all forms of proven, non-operative treatment into patient care before considering surgical options. He completed a fellowship specializing in complex shoulder and elbow reconstruction at the prestigious California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco, California. There, he helped develop innovative surgical treatment for rotator cuff injuries as well as shoulder and elbow instability problems, arthroscopic techniques, joint replacement [...]
Hill-Sachs Lesion
Dr. Hoepfner is dual board-certified in orthopaedic surgery and in hand and upper extremity surgery. He has published numerous articles in leading medical journals and serves as an instructor of hand injuries for the national hand surgery organization where he teaches the most current techniques in treating complex wrist, elbow and shoulder injuries. Dr. Hoepfner was on the Northwestern University Medical School faculty and holds a patent for an implant in thumb arthritis. Whether using a surgical or nonsurgical approach, the appropriate treatment is tailored to each patient. As an expert in open and arthroscopic surgery, Dr. Hoepfner also specializes in carpal tunnel release, cubital tunnel release, sports injuries, fractures, dislocations, arthritis, tennis elbow, and complex elbow and wrist reconstruction. [...]
Howard Weil was hitting tennis balls with a friend when the shoulder pain that had been bothering him grew so intense that tears started streaming down his face. Howard had always been a physically active person. In addition to playing racquet sports, he enjoyed spinning and had run several marathons. […]
Intracapsular (Glenoid) Injection
Intrathecal Pump Implant
Dr. Richard Kang is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, fellowship-trained in Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery. He performs arthroscopic and other minimally invasive procedures of the hip, shoulder, knee, and elbow. “My objective is to delay or prevent the onset of arthritis and the need for a joint replacement. I do this by utilizing modern techniques to preserve the natural joint”. He treats a variety of conditions including athletic hip injuries, hip femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), hip labral tears, rotator cuff tears, shoulder instability, biceps tendon injuries, meniscus tears, and complex ligamentous tears of the knee. He also has expertise in cartilage restorative procedures of the hip, knee, and shoulder. Prior to joining IBJI, Dr. Kang was an attending surgeon in orthopedic [...]
Dr. Charles Lettvin is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon who practices general orthopedics. He sees patients of all ages, from children to older adults, for the range of musculoskeletal conditions. Dr. Lettvin has extensive experience in knee and shoulder arthroscopy, ankle arthroscopy, hip and knee replacements and fracture repairs in both the arms and legs. A high school and college basketball player, Dr. Lettvin experienced orthopedic injuries himself as a teenager. His admiration for the doctors who provided care for him and enabled him to resume playing sports led him to want to become an orthopedic surgeon. In providing care, Dr. Lettvin sets out to solve patients’ problems in the least invasive fashion possible. He combines excellent diagnostic abilities with strong [...]
Dr. Edward (“Scott”) Logue is an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in treating shoulder and knee conditions and general trauma care. He has particular expertise in treating endurance athletes. In most cases he is able to offer arthroscopy or other minimally invasive procedures, which decrease patient discomfort and speed recovery times. He also performs unicondylar knee surgery and the OATS procedure (also known as mosaicplasty). In addition, he offers Carticel knee cartilage implantation; injections with platelet-rich plasma to stimulate tissue healing; and viscosupplement injections to lubricate knee joints. A middle-distance runner in high school and college, Dr. Logue suffered stress fractures repeatedly. The care he received for these injuries, which enabled him to keep running, prompted his interest in pursuing medicine [...]
Dr. Marc Angerame is a fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon specializing in direct anterior approach total hip replacement, total and partial knee replacement, as well as shoulder replacements, arthroscopic shoulder surgery, and arthroscopic knee surgery. His areas of focus include direct anterior approach hip and knee replacement, complex, revision hip and knee replacement, shoulder replacement, arthroscopic shoulder surgery, arthroscopic knee surgery, rotator cuff surgery, ACL reconstruction, and meniscal surgery. He is also interested in shoulder, hip, and knee research. He obtained his undergraduate degree from Loyola University Chicago, graduating Summa Cum Laude. He then pursued his medical degree at Loyola’s Stritch School of Medicine where he graduated Cum Laude with honors in research. For his orthopedic residency, Dr. Angerame spent five years [...]
Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair
Muscle Imbalance in the Shoulder
Dr. Nathan Wetters is a fellowship-trained physician specializing in Sports Medicine, with special focus on minimally invasive treatment of the knee and shoulder including cartilage transplant and restoration. He is a member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Arthroscopy Association of North America and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Dr. Wetters obtained both his undergraduate degree and Doctor of Medicine from the University of Illinois. He went on to complete his Orthopaedic training at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago before further specializing in Sports Medicine and Shoulder & Elbow surgery at OrthoCarolina in Charlotte, North Carolina. He has served as a Team Physician for both the Carolina Panthers (NFL) and Chicago White Sox (MLB). He has [...]
Dr. Tomas Nemickas provides care for conditions such as rotator cuff tears, shoulder instability and tears of the labrum, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament. In most cases, he is able to offer arthroscopy or other minimally invasive procedures, which increase patient comfort and speed recovery times. These procedures also include anterior total hip replacement. Dr. Nemickas also has expertise in computer-assisted minimally invasive knee replacement surgery. In addition, he offers Carticel implants, autologous cultured chondrocyte and DeNovo cartilage implants and injections with platelet-rich plasma. Dr. Nemickas grew up in a medical family – his father and uncle were cardiologists, and his mother and aunt were nurses. Watching them help patients get well and seeing the patients’ gratitude [...]
Dr. Daniel Newman is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon who provides general orthopedic care for adults, with an emphasis on sports medicine and treating conditions of the knees and shoulder. He provides care for conditions such as tears of the rotator cuff, labrum, meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament. In most cases, Dr. Newman is able to offer arthroscopy or other minimally invasive procedures, which decrease patient discomfort and speed recovery times. He became a doctor because the profession combined his interest in science and his desire to work with people and help them. Dr. Newman chose orthopedics as a specialty because he enjoys the challenge of working with damaged joints and finding a way to make them [...]
A common misconception is that the rotator cuff is the entire shoulder joint. In actuality the rotator cuff is only a part of the shoulder joint. There are four muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint. These muscles and tendons help hold the upper arm in place by attaching it to the shoulder blade and holding the ball end of the bone into the socket of the joint. […]
Dr. David Norbeck joined Lake Cook Orthopedics, a Division of Illinois Bone & Joint Institute in 1989 as a general orthopedist treating all orthopedic problems. After performing orthopedic surgery for 25 years, Dr. Norbeck now works to treat orthopedic problems non-operatively. He maintains full medical staff privileges at Good Shepherd Hospital in Barrington, Illinois and is Board Certified by the American Board of Orthopedic Surgery. He is also a Fellow in the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Dr. Norbeck is a native of the western suburbs of Chicago. He is married with two children and enjoys reading non-fiction. He went back to school in 2012 for a Masters in Theological Studies at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School and now serves in [...]
ORIF Surgery for Proximal Humerus Fracture
Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder
Trauma injuries to the shoulder are common and can range from fractures, dislocations, to soft tissue tears. […]
Dr. Surbhi Panchal is a board certified orthopedic surgeon and fellowship trained in Hand & Upper extremity surgery. Specializing in disorders and treatment of the hand, wrist, elbow and arm, she supports a balance of conservative and surgical measures to achieve optimal results for each patient. “Achieving this balance means a unique discussion and treatment plan for each patient to ensure the best possible outcome,” she notes. In 2013, after completing hand and upper extremity fellowship training at the Cleveland Clinic and MetroHealth Medical Center, Dr. Panchal joined Lake Cook Orthopedics, a division of IBJI. She is a member of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, the Ruth Jackson Society and the [...]
Christ Pavlatos is a board-certified orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in sports medicine. He treats knee and shoulder problems, including rotator cuff tears, torn labrum, and knee ligament injuries. His practice includes high school, college and adult recreational athletes. Dr. Pavlatos has extensive experience in arthroscopic surgery, which reduces pain and speeds recovery times. Drawn to medicine by the combination of his interest in science and desire to help people, Dr. Pavlatos wanted to be a physician ever since he was five years old. His approach to care stresses aggressive physical therapy as an alternative to surgery and as a means of speeding recovery when surgery is needed. Recognizing that patients do better when they are empowered to play an active [...]
Dr. Djuro Petkovic is a board-eligible orthopedic surgeon, fellowship-trained in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and Sports Medicine. In his practice he addresses primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty including the reverse shoulder arthroplasty, a relatively new procedure that is useful in cases of irreparable rotator cuff tears, severe deformity, and fracture. He also specializes in shoulder arthroscopy, rotator cuff disease, shoulder instability, elbow pathology and knee injuries. “Every patient in my clinic is an active participant in their health, and with their input I create a customized treatment plan for their musculoskeletal problem,” he notes. Having grown up in the Chicago area, Dr. Petkovic did not always know he was going to be a physician. He went to the east coast [...]
Dr. Craig Phillips is a board-certified orthopedic surgeon with a subspecialty certification in hand and upper extremity surgery, who specializes in treating the hand, wrist, elbow and shoulder. His practice focuses on all conditions affecting the arms with common conditions such as hand and wrist fractures, wrist arthritis, nerve problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff tears, shoulder arthritis and shoulder replacements. He offers all current treatments but prefers minimally invasive surgery such as the use of the medication Xiaflex for treatment of Dupuytren’s disease. Dr. Phillips takes a conservative approach that utilizes surgery as a last resort only after options such as braces and injections have been exhausted. In each case, he seeks to provide empathetic care and [...]
Dr. Gregory Portland is a board-certified orthopaedic surgeon with an additional certification in sports medicine. He specializes in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgery, including repair of dislocated shoulders; injuries to the rotator cuff, shoulder tendons, and knee ligaments; and meniscus (knee disk) tears. Depending on what is medically appropriate, he offers patients the most advanced arthroscopic and open incision surgical techniques. Dr. Portland sustained injuries while playing college rugby, and the pleasure his doctor took in his work and the physician’s ability to repair the injuries and enable him to return to the same level of competitiveness inspired him to become an orthopaedic surgeon himself. He sees his first role in providing care as being to educate patients to make [...]
